コミュニティ・オブ・プラクティス

 以前に、紹介した『お客さんではなく、でもまわりからはいっていく(Situated Learning)』の著書のつづき。「仕立屋は伝統的な徒弟制度における学習の多くは、職人や上級徒弟の間の相互交流で行われている」らしい。learning as a social system。

 ある分野における知識の習得や研鑽、知識を生み出すといった活動は、持続的な相互交流を行っている人々の集団から生まれて、その集団をcommunity of practice(実践の共同体)という。

The term “community of practice” is of relatively recent coinage, even though the phenomenon it refers to is age-old. The concept has turned out to provide a useful perspective on knowing and learning. A growing number of people and organizations in various sectors are now focusing on communities of practice as a key to improving their performance.

This brief and general introduction examines what communities of practice are and why researchers and practitioners in so many different contexts find them useful as an approach to knowing and learning.

Communities of practice are formed by people who engage in a process of collective learning in a shared domain of human endeavor: a tribe learning to survive, a band of artists seeking new forms of expression, a group of engineers working on similar problems, a clique of pupils defining their identity in the school, a network of surgeons exploring novel techniques, a gathering of first-time managers helping each other cope. In a nutshell:

Communities of practice are groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly.

 お客さんではなく、でもまわりからregularlyな関係であること。

・学習はコミュニティ・オブ・プラクティスへの参加の過程である

・どんなコミュニティ・オブ・プラクティスに属してきたかの履歴が、その人の知識体系そのものを表す

 学ぶことは個人が知能や技能を習得することではなく、コミュニティ・オブ・プラクティスへの参加を通して得られる役割の変化や過程そのもの。

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